seminar topic

Wireless Application Protocol:-
The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a
result of the WAP Forum s effort to promote
industry-wide specifications for technology
useful in developing applications and services
that operates over wireless communication
networks. WAP specifies an application
framework and network protocols for wireless
devices such as mobile telephones, pagers,
and personal digital assistants. (PDAs).
The specifications extend and leverage
mobile networking technologies
(such as digital data networking standards)
and Internet technologies (such as XML, URLs,
scripting, and various content formats). The effort
is aimed at enabling operation, manufactures,
and content developers to meet the challenges
in building advanced differentiated services
and implementation in a fast and flexible
manner.The Objectives of the WAP Forum
are: To bring Internet content and advanced
data services to digital cellular phones and
other wireless terminals. To create a global
wireless protocol specifications that will work
across differing wireless network technologies
To enable the creation of content and applications
that scale across a very wide range of bearer
networks and device types. To embrace and
extend existing standards and technology
wherever appropriate. The WAP Architecture
specification is intended to present the system
and protocol architectures essential to achieving
the objective of the WAP Forum.WAP is positioned
at the convergence of two rapidly evolving
network technologies, wireless data and Internet.
Both the wireless data market and the Internet
are growing very quickly and are continuously
reaching new customers. The explosive growth
of the Internet has fuelled the creation of new
and exciting information services Most of the
technology developed for the Internet has been
designed for desktop and larger computers
and medium to high bandwidth, generally
reliable data networks. Mass-market, hand
held wireless devices present a more constrained
computing environment compared to desktop
computers. Because of fundamental invitation
of power and form factor, mass market handheld
devices tend to have: Less powerful CPUs,
Less memory (ROM and RAM), Restricted
power consumption, Smaller displays, and
Different input devices (eg. a phone keypad).
Similarly, wireless data networks present a
more constrained communication environment
compared to wired networks. Because of
fundamental limitation of power available
spectrum, and mobility, wireless data networks
tend to have: Less bandwidth, More latency,
Less connection stability, and Less predictable
availability. Mobile networks are growing in
complexity and the cost of all aspects for
provisioning of more value added services
is increasing. In order to meet the requirements
of mobile network operators, solutions must
be: Interoperable-terminals from different
manufactures communicate with services in
the mobile network; Scalable-mobile network
operators are able to scale services to customer
needs; Efficient-provides quality of service
suited to the behaviour and characteristics
of the mobile network; Reliable - provides a
consistent and predictable platform for deploying
services; and Secure-enables services to be
extended over potentially unprotected mobile
networks still preserving the integrity of user
data; protects the devices and services from
security problems such as denial of service.
The WAP specifications address mobile network
characteristics and operator needs by adapting
existing network technology to the special
requirements of mass market, hand-held
wireless data devices and by introducing new
technology where appropriate The requirements
of the WAP Forum architecture are to:Leverage
existing standards where possible; Define a
layered, scalable and extensible architecture;
Support as many wireless networks as possible;
Optimise for narrow-band bearers with
potentially high latency; Optimise for efficient
use of device resources
(low memory / CPU usage / power consumption);
Provide support for secure application and communications;
Enable the creation of Man Machine Interfaces
(MIMs) with maximum flexibility and vendor control;
Provide access to local handset functionality,
such as logical indication for incoming call; Facilitate
network-operator and third party service provisioning;
Support multi-vendor interoperability by defining the
optional and mandatory components of the specification..
satya prakash tiwari
b.tech(c.s.e.)